A stylized depiction of a Man in Black.
Men in Black (MIB), in American popular culture and in UFO conspiracy theories, are men dressed in black suits who claim to be government agents who harass or threaten UFO witnesses to keep them quiet about what they have seen. It is sometimes implied that they may be aliens
themselves. The term is also frequently used to describe mysterious men
working for unknown organizations, as well as various branches of
government allegedly designed to protect secrets or perform other
strange activities. The term is generic, used for any unusual,
threatening or strangely behaved individual whose appearance on the
scene can be linked in some fashion with a UFO sighting.[1]
[edit] Behavior
According to the accounts of those encountering them, Men in Black
always seem to have detailed information on the persons they contact, as
if the individuals had been under surveillance for a significant period
of time. They have occasionally been described as seeming confused by
the nature of everyday items such as pens, eating utensils or food, as
well as using outdated slang, vintage automobiles or outmoded styles of
clothing. Reports indicate that they often claim to be from an agency
collecting information on the unexplained phenomenon their subject has
encountered. In other accounts, they seem to be trying to suppress
information by trying to convince their target that the event in
question didn't happen. They have been described as behaving in either
an exceedingly furtive manner or a completely outgoing one, with wide
grins and disconcerting giggles.[2]
This observation might suggest that the "gigglers" were possibly,
though not necessarily, pranksters, as various forms of unexpected,
inappropriate, or even bizarre (as in robotic) behavior seem to be
hallmarks of these mysterious beings.
[edit] Possible explanations
[edit] Folkloric explanations
Although the phenomenon was initially and most frequently reported in the 1950s and 1960s, some researchers – John Keel and others – have suggested similarities between Men in Black reports and earlier demonic
accounts. Keel suggests that MiBs are a modern-day manifestation of the
same phenomena that were earlier interpreted as the devil or encounters
with fairies. Similarly, folklorist Peter Rojcewicz[3] noted that many Men in Black accounts parallel tales of people encountering the devil:
Neither Men in Black nor the devil are quite human, and witnesses often
discover this fact midway through an encounter. The meaning of this
parallel, however, has been the subject of debate. Even so, the term
"the black man" was used for centuries in reference to the Devil,[citation needed]
up until contemporary times when "black man" was used to replace the
term "Negro" and the satanic sense was lost. A telling example may be
found in an 1837 report in The Morning Chronicle. A certain John
Henning, charged with running away with a chest of tea, defended himself
with the claim that "he was ordered to carry it by a gentleman in
black" who told him to carry it to Petticoat-lane.
- "The LORD MAYOR: Pray what sort of gentleman was he? – Prisoner: I
can't just tell, please you, my lord; I only know he was in black. The
LORD MAYOR: I am afraid it was the gentleman in black that
directed you in this matter. Had he a tail? – Prisoner: A tail! A
pig-tail, do you mean, please you, my lord? No, I can't say as he had.
The LORD MAYOR: Did you look at his feet? What sort were they? – like a
cow's [a laugh]?"[4]
In witchcraft trials "The Black Man" was often reported as meeting with the accused and having sexual intercourse with them. In Washington Irving's story "The Devil and Tom Walker"
set in 1727, Irving tells how Tom asks "the black man" who he is. The
man says he goes by many names and is called the black miner sometimes
or the black woodsman. He says that since the Indians are gone, he
presides over the persecutions of various religious sects, supports
slave-dealers and is the master of the Salem witches. Tom replies that he must be "Old Scratch", which is another name for the devil, and the black man acknowledges that he is Old Scratch. In 1932, H. P. Lovecraft also used the figure of The Black Man in his tale "The Dreams in the Witch-House" as a synonym for the Devil, but he also uses the term and description for Nyarlathotep, a malevolent entity of his own creation. In the Middle Ages The Black Man was not a man with African features, but rather a man colored black and dressed in black.
[edit] Military/CIA explanations
More prosaically, Clark cites Bill Moore,
who asserts that "the Men in Black are really government agents in
disguise ... members of a rather bizarre unit of Air Force Intelligence
known currently as the Air Force Special Activities Center (AFSAC) ... As of 1991, the AFSAC, headquartered in Fort Belvoir, Virginia," and "under the operational authority of Air Force Intelligence Command centered at Kelly Air Force Base in Texas."
(Clark, 321–22) Curiously, Moore also reports that AFSAC was inspired
by the tales of Men in Black from the 1950s, and had nothing to do with
those early accounts. Similarly, Clark notes that Dr. Michael D. Swords has speculated that the Barker/Bender Men in Black case (occurring shortly after the CIA-directed Robertson Panel issued its recommendations to spy on civilian UFO groups) might have been a psychological warfare experiment.
[edit] Hoax explanation
In his article, "Gray Barker:
My Friend, the Myth-Maker," John C. Sherwood claims that at age 18, he
cooperated when Gray Barker urged him in the late 1960s to develop a
hoax – which Barker subsequently published – about what Barker
called "blackmen", three mysterious UFO inhabitants who silenced
Sherwood's pseudonymous identity, "Dr. Richard H. Pratt".[5]
[edit] In popular culture
Before the popular Men in Black franchise, the first appearance of Men in Black in film was in John Sayles' 1984 film The Brother from Another Planet[6] In this film, John Sayles himself made a cameo appearance, along with David Strathairn; both were credited as Man In Black.[7]
Men in Black (1997), starring Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith as Agent K and Agent J, was based on Lowell Cunningham's comic book about a secret organization that monitors and suppresses alien activity on Earth – The Men in Black from Aircel Comics. The film was followed by Men in Black: The Series and its 2002 sequel Men in Black II. Men in Black 3 was released on May 25, 2012. Scott Mitchell Rosenberg, who published the comic book, took the property to Sony to become a billion-dollar film franchise.[8] Will Smith made a song called "Men in Black", for the movie Men in Black in 1997, and "Black Suits Comin' (Nod Ya Head)" for its sequel in 2002.
[edit] See also
- ^ Clark, Jerome (1996). The UFO Encyclopedia, volume 3: High Strangeness, UFO’s from 1960 through 1979. Omnigraphis. 317–18.
- ^ The Big Book of Conspiracies. pp. 122–123.
- ^ cited in Clark, 1998
- ^ The Morning Chronicle (London), No. 21,165 (Thursday, September 14, 1837), fourth page, thrid column.
- ^ Sherwood, John C.. "Gray Barker: My Friend, the Myth-Maker". Skeptical Inquirer. http://www.csicop.org/si/show/gray_barker_my_friend_the_myth-maker/. Retrieved 2006-10-10.
- ^ "SAYLES'S 'BROTHER'". New York Times. 1984. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DEEDA143AF937A2575AC0A962948260. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
- ^ The Brother from Another Planet at the Internet Movie Database.
- ^ Forbes. http://people.forbes.com/profile/scott-mitchell-rosenberg/64189.
[edit] References
- Valerian, Valdamar (1991). Matrix II: The Abduction and Manipulation of Humans Using Advanced Technology. ISBN B000LPJ46U.
- Clark, Jerome (1996). The UFO Encyclopedia, volume 3: High Strangeness, UFO’s from 1960 through 1979. Omnigraphis. ISBN 1-55888-742-3.
- Barker, Gray (1956). They Knew Too Much about Flying Saucers. New York: University Books. ISBN 1-881532-10-0.
- Barker, Gray (2012). Men in Black: The Secret Terror Among Us. CreateSpace. ISBN 1-4505-6966-8.
- Buckley, Timothy (2012). Mystery of the Men in Black: The UFO Silencers. Inner Light – Global Communications. ISBN 0-938294-87-3.
- Condon, Edward; Daniel S. Gilmor, ed. (1968). Final Report of the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. New York: Batnam. ISBN 0-552-04747-3. ISBN.
- Dash, Mike (2000). Borderlands: The Ultimate Exploration of the Unknown. Overlook. ISBN 0-87951-724-7.
- Druffel, Ann; Dwight Connelly, ed. (February 2006). "Heflin's 1965 Photos Validated". MUFON UFO Journal (Mutual UFO Network) (454).
- Evans, Beriah (March 1905). "Merionethshire Mysteries". The Occult Review (William Rider and Sons) 1 (3).
- Keel, John (1971). Our Haunted Planet. Fawcett. ISBN 1-880090-16-3. ISBN.
- Keel, John (1976). The Mothman Prophecies. Saturday Review Press. ISBN 0-7653-4197-2.
- Randles, Jenny; Peter Houghe (1994). The Complete Book of UFOs: An Investigation into Alien Contact and Encounters. Sterling. ISBN 0-8069-8132-6.
- Randles, Jenny (1997). The Truth Behind Men in Black: Government Agents – or Visitors from Beyond. St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-96521-4.
- Redfern, Nick (2011). The Real Men In Black: Evidence, Famous Cases, and True Stories of These Mysterious Men and their Connection to UFO Phenomena. New Page Books. ISBN 1-60163-157-X.
- Wallace, Chevon. "Albert Bender and the M.I.B. Mystery". Bridgeport Public Schools. http://bridgeport.ct.schoolwebpages.com/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=25228. Retrieved 2006-09-10.
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